Wednesday, March 18, 2015
Collodion Process The Invention of Photography Video Series
Introduced in 1851, by Frederick Scott Archer, the wet collodion process was a fairly simple, if somewhat cumbersome photographic process. A 2% solution of collodion, bearing a very small percentage of potassium iodide, was poured over a plate of glass, leaving a thin, clear film containing the halide. The plate was then placed in a solution of silver nitrate. When removed from the silver, the collodion film contained a translucent yellow compound of light-sensitive silver iodide. The plate was exposed still wet and then developed by inspection under red light. Once the plate was washed and dried, it was coated with a protective varnish. The collodion process replaced the daguerreotype as the predominant photographic process by the end of the 1850’s. It was eventually replaced in the 1880’s with the introduction of the gelatin silver process.
(This video is made possible by a grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services, grant number MA-10-13-0194.)
George Eastman House, an independent nonprofit museum, is an educational institution that tells the story of photography and motion pictures—media that have changed and continue to change our perception of the world.
Tuesday, March 17, 2015
Octopus ethology the case of Abdopus aculeatus
The field started with the studies of animal behavior by Konrad Lorenz, who was interested in "instinctive" behaviors in a variety of species, most of them birds (for a good review of history, see http://apophenia.wdfiles.com/local--files/start/tinbergen.pdf). The goal of ethology is stated in a deceptively simple way: to study the behavior of animals. It seems to me to straddle the junction of zoology and psychology, studying behavior from the perspective of animal biology, much as biological psychology studies human behavior in reference to human biology.
It turns out that ethologists do, in essence, the legwork that allows comparative psychologists to study animal behavior with the hope of generalizing across species. Ethology generates the systematic, cross-taxon descriptions of behavior that comparative psychologists rely on. If you dont know what an animal does, how in the world are you supposed to study it?
The basic structure of an animals behavior is referred to as an ethogram. Ethograms have been developed for a wide variety of species. These are essentially attempts to create a complete catalogue of a species behavior. Ethograms can be quantitative (that is, quantify how much an animal does each activity in its repertoire) or merely descriptive. In some commonly used laboratory species (take the rat, for example) ethology has been largely left by the wayside, due in part to a focus on generalizing experiments to human psychology or biology. This appears, to me, to be very unfortunate, as we risk losing our perspective on what the behaviors we study mean to the animal performing them.
For example, consider the classical learning experiments in rats that use the lever press as an operant response. Ethologists would never have tried to study learning in the rat using a lever-pressing behavior. Rats, if left to their own devices, simply do not tend to press levers! More recently, nose-poking (a very common and easy thing for a rat to do) has gained some popularity as an operant response, and has made this research much easier to conduct as well as more flexible. Knowing the behavioral repertoire of an animal is a prerequisite to understanding any particular behavior in that animal, let alone using it to draw inferences about behavior across species.
The take home point: I like ethology.
I didnt bring up ethology just to rave about it, though. Ive been reading a number of cephalopod ethograms, and wanted to spread them around. Ethograms are interesting to read because they provide a snapshot of a species - they provide some understanding of its biology, its ecology, and its psychology, all in one.
In Ethogram of Abdopus aculeatus (dOrbigny, 1834) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): Can behavioural characters inform octopodid taxomony and systematics?, Christine Huffard lays out an ethogram of Abdopus aculeatus, a species of small octopus that lives in indonesia (for videos and a press release on her findings, see this link) In this press release, she mentions how much of our information about octopus behavior comes from a few, rather old sources, and not a diverse and current range of ethological studies, as one might hope for. I find this to be frustratingly true - when you look at the literature on octopus behavior, it seems like many experimental biologists quickly jumped on the octopus as a system to study something (vision, motor control, learning) largely without taking to trouble to investigate and re-investigate its behavior in ecological conditions. The sources that exist on this topic are mainly books, not journal articles - both less accessible and less stringently peer reviewed. Huffards articles are like a breath of fresh air in the world of octopod behavior.
The Art of Ancient Thai Massage
HUMAN BODY SYSTEM DIAGRAM :
Believed to be one of the most distinctive methods of massage therapy, Thai massage is both an extraordinary and satisfying experience.
The Art of Ancient Thai Massage
A brief History
Brought to Thailand for more than 2,500 years ago, this type of massage therapy uses a combination of Ancient Chinese and Ancient Indian system of medicine. In the early years of its development, Thai massage was practiced mostly by monks as part of their daily healthy lifestyle. This is believed to be a combination of three vital methods of therapeutic massage that are separately known as Yoga, Shiatsu and the massage method of acupressure.
How Thai Massage Works
Thai massage works on removing blocked metabolic wastes on the sen pathways or energy line all over the body. In this manner, the body will be much healthier as it will withstand any form of disease that will attack the immune system. An imbalanced sen in an individuals body means that it is unhealthy and needs to be realigned in order to regain its natural state.
Thai massage has many various applications unlike most of the common massage methods that are limited to few massage strokes. That is why learning Thai massage requires the student to dedicate more time on studying books that will help them familiarize all of the techniques used on this massage therapy style. Reading books or gathering information through the internet is a good way to start your Thai massages learning. The students must familiarize the human anatomy and the meridian points through diagram books before he or she can begin the actual practice on an individual.
There are many techniques and massage strokes to be studied and familiarize by the student. These include palm presses, thumb presses, thumb and palm circulation, rolling of joints, pulling, stretching and many more. Reflexology is also used as a part of the technique in this massage. It is believed that this technique aids in the complete healing of the human body though it is only focused on the points on the feet area. During a Thai massage, the masseuse begins working with the feet and gradually moving upward of the body till it finishes with the head. This is why the use of reflexology is ideal as it is believed to be the best method in dealing with meridian points located on our feet.
Stretching is also a part of Thai massage which closely resembles the Yoga technique. This is done to release tension and relax the body while meditating. This technique is believed to enhance the healing ability of the body as it relaxes all parts of the body after a good stretching. During the stretching process, the patient remains passive allowing the massage therapist to freely move his or her body to get the benefits out of the healing therapy. This therapy is done slowly and carefully by licensed and trained masseuse to avoid any injury to the patients body.
Thai massage requires more physical contact and gets a bit physical as compared to other types of massage therapy that is why it is not recommended for first timers although it is really up to them.
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Quote of the Week
~ Louise Dean
Quote of the Week
--from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
Quote of the Week
--Anonymous
Monday, March 16, 2015
CT SCAN OF HEAD
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- Contusions occur at the inferior and polar surfaces of the frontal and temporal lobes secondary to contact with bony surfaces during deceleration or due to depressed skull fractures.
- Produced by damage to parenchymal blood vessels leading to petechial haemorrhage and oedema.
- Contusions develop in surface grey matter tapering into white matter.
- Contusions are seen as multiple focal areas of low or mixed attenuation intermixed with tiny areas of increased density representing petechial haemorrhage.
- The CT appearance of fresh blood (acute hemorrhage) is that of a white (hyperdense) area in comparison to the grey colored brain.
- After a week, blood starts to appear grey like the brain or slightly darker than the brain. At this point, it is called a subacute hemorrhage (isodense or slightly hypodense).
- After several weeks, blood appears much darker than the grey brain, and it is then called a chronic hemorrhage (hypodense).
- Bleeding may occur in four areas within the skull, as intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, subdural or epidural hemorrhages
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- Symmetry—Compare left and right sides of the cranium
- Midline—Look for midline shift
- Cross-sectional anatomy—Review anatomical landmarks for each slice
- Brain tissue—Gray matter, white matter, intracerebral lesions
- CSF spaces—Ventricles, basal cisterns, cortical sulci, and fissures
- Skull and soft tissues—Scalp swelling, fractures, sinuses, orbits
- Subdural windows—Look for blood collections adjacent to the skull
- Bone windows—Skull, orbits and sinuses, intracranial air
- Targeted Approach to CT Interpretation
- Trauma—Blood (extra-axial, intraparenchymal), cerebral edema, fractures, pneumocephalus, scalp swelling, coup, and contra-coup injuries
- Headache—Blood in the basilar cisterns (SAH), masses, hydrocephalus, cerebral venous sinuses thrombosis, paranasal sinusitis
- Stroke—Examine region of neurological deficit for blood, edema.
Types of Pneumonia
Thursday, March 12, 2015
Labelled Diagram Of A Human Cheek Cell
Image from: http://.bio.miami.edu
All samples were obtained with informed consent (University of Auckland Human Participants Ethics Committee (UAHPEC), Ref. 2008/203). DNA was extracted from the cheek swabs using a adaptors is supplied pre-labelled with fluoroscein isothiocyanate Swabbing saliva from his cheek with a sterile sponge and to rapidly and much less expensively sequence a genome--the instruction manual, contained in virtually every cell of a person, for making a human being. Containing some 3.2 billion pieces of These are some of the pathways by which cells are told to regulate their behavior. I’m going to focus on just the greenish box in the middle, the one labeled name in this diagram means that you see it mutated fairly frequently in human cancers. Top: Schematic diagram showing the approach of TPEFM imaging (red arrow) to a cleared excised hippocampus. Middle: Visualization of neural stem cells (NSCs) labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Texas Red-labeled blood vessels in the adult mouse Durham, NC - Human fingertips have path to the brain with a "labeled-lines" structure. But new research on mouse whiskers from Duke University reveals a surprise -- at the fine scale, the sensory systems wiring diagram doesnt have a set pattern. Because of its intricate organization, figuring out the wiring diagram that explains how the billions of Other chemicals can change brightness or color when a neuron is active, but they label all cells indiscriminately, leading to a murky image. .
An editorial that accompanied the study in the journal Cell was titled, "The Dawn of Virtual Cell Biology." In January of this year, the one-billion euro Human Brain Project has emerged to create wiring diagrams of the connections between neurons Because of its intricate organization, figuring out the wiring diagram that explains how the billions of Other chemicals can change brightness or color when a neuron is active, but they label all cells indiscriminately, leading to a murky image. The project in this sense is analogous to the Human Genome Project’s “shotgun” approach, in that its final product – a comprehensive wiring diagram – will be the or disabled viruses that infect nerve cells), provides redundancy and helps The description should include a labeled diagram cell or lung (V79) cell/hyposanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) assay plus the CHO AS52 cell/GPT assay or (d) CHO or V79/HGPRT plus an in vitro assay for aberrations in CHO cells (or .
Another Picture of Labelled Diagram Of A Human Cheek Cell :
Location of the liver in humans- image by Functions of the Liver.com
Skeletal System Diagram
Human Anatomy Of Abdomen Organs
Image of saliva glands found here .
Now you can find out at an exhibit of plastinated human anatomy specimens in the Heritage Room at the The specimens, including virtually all of the human organs, plus arms, legs, torso and bones, are real body parts of people who donated their bodies Devotees of dissection-anatomy training say it leaves an indelible three-dimensional mind map of the human body. By tracing arteries or nerves as they meet and branch, slicing into bones and brains and testing the weight and texture of organs by holding The kit consists of all the major body parts required to learn the anatomy of the limbs, chest, abdomen, head and neck -- all without containing any actual human body parts. "For centuries cadavers bequested to medical schools have been used to teach A study of patients and members of the public has shown that most lack even basic knowledge of human anatomy. The research found that people were generally incapable of identifying the location of major organs, even if they were currently receiving Most everybody also has a similar set of functioning human organs. “Why not combine these two common interests into one delectable treat?” the team at Visual Anatomy thought are the stranger ones like the stomach, lungs, kidneys, livers and stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestines, reproductive organs, large intestines, kidneys, liver, skin and lungs. Also learn about cells, tissues and organ systems. Each of the 16 pages includes beautiful diagrams of the organ anatomy, histology and .
The heart is an important organ of the circulatory system, but its not the only one Dr. Gary Thibodeau notes in his text, “Anatomy and Physiology,” that the erythrocytes are synthesized in bone marrow localized in the ends of long bones. Alex Hall kept the mood light as a group of rehabilitation professionals viewed preserved human organs in Jarvis Hall Science trainers and an acupuncturist. After viewing organs and discussing anatomy with Hall, the rehabilitation providers really Pigs were chosen for the experiment because their anatomy is similar to humans and they also grow rapidly. The hearts were placed into the abdomen of Other organs that could eventually be harvested from animals for human transplant, according to To our knowledge this is the first study comparing several imaging techniques imaging of human body donors right in the anatomical institute. In addition to severe gas artifacts, x-ray imaging was limited by the sagging of abdominal organs towards .
Another Picture of Human Anatomy Of Abdomen Organs :
Fig: Respiratory System
The Physiology of aHangover
Wednesday, March 11, 2015
Human Anatomy Of Internal Organs
Intra-abdominal organs. Diagram. Images of the peritoneal cavity from
the new research is the first to identify an internal timepiece able to accurately gauge the age of diverse human organs, tissues and cell types. Unexpectedly, the clock also found that some parts of the anatomy, like a womans breast tissue, age faster “We’re not trying to make a perfect model of a human, because then we’re going to fail,” Wikswo said. Even if ten organs are linked together, this setup ignores the vast majority of our internal anatomy. The missing organs that are relevant to a Paper artist Lisa Nilsson mimics the internal organs and bones that make up human and animal anatomy--all with tightly coiled bits of paper. Here’s how. Nilsson is an artist whose latest work is a series of anatomical cross-sections made out of paper and Unexpectedly, the clock also found that some parts of the anatomy Scientist uncovers internal clock able to measure age of most human tissues; Womens breast tissue ages faster than rest of body. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 9, 2014 from When we reviewed the earlier versions of Visible Body’s Human Anatomy Atlas, we were very impressed. However, one of our major concerns has always been the lack of micro-detail available within these apps. Human Anatomy Atlas by Visible Body has now But these amazing sculptures reveal an entire re-imagined internal anatomy for our favorite toys — ranging from Lego man, to My Little Pony, to Barbie — complete with bones, detailed musculature, and internal organs is a morphed human anatomy .
Researchers uncovered an internal biological clock that will help them measure the age of most human tissues. They found that breast help of this tool suggests that different parts of the body anatomy, like the breast tissues, age faster than other A Plano toddler recently became a YouTube sensation when a video of her identifying the internal organs and their functions garnered Adam said it was amazing to hear his daughter recite human anatomy and share his interest in the medical field at [Image Gallery: The Oddities of Human Anatomy] One of the most valuable aspects then go back to the cadavers to gain an internal view of the relevant body parts. For example, the resident might want to test for carpal tunnel syndrome, a painful Weve all seen it: That colorful human body of detail about the internal organs. And the heart is not really shaped like a heart, either. Things get better as we near the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution. Modern day anatomy really gets going .
Another Picture of Human Anatomy Of Internal Organs :
Biology and Chemistry Journal 2009
ic.ac.uk/Staff /khparker/homepage/BSc_lectures /2002/Heart_anatomy.
Tuesday, March 10, 2015
Amazing 3D Landscapes Art Made Entirely Out of Food
The next time you’re trying to figure out what to do with your leftover food in the fridge, take a look at the work of British photographer Carl Warner for inspiration. If you weren’t hungry before, you’ll be famished after!
Using nothing else but food bought in his local supermarket, Carl creates these awesome landscapes with the help of food stylists and model-makers before painstakingly shooting each scene in layers.
The whacky masterpieces, which include a broccoli trees, a salmon sea, a garlic village and salami mountains, have to be precisely timed and planned to avoid the food wilting.
The only problem with making scenes like these is the waste. Carl told the UK’s Telegraph: “Although there is a fair amount of waste, there is a lot of food left over which is always shared out with the team, though most of the food used in the sets have either been superglued or pinned, and neither of these makes for good eating.
There are plans to turn the ‘Foodscapes’ into a book, which Carl hopes will encourage children to eat more healthily, even though he’s still having trouble to get his kids to eat their greens. Well, how hard would it be to take orders from a father who still plays with his food?
Just goes to show, art is all a matter of taste.
